https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco <p><strong>Aim and Scope</strong></p> <p>Fatima Jinnah Women University is a leading institute with a vision to promote and facilitate studies and research in various fields of higher education for women in Pakistan. The Department of Economics at Fatima Jinnah Women University strives to produce professional economists by providing its graduates with a modern, balanced, and high-quality education in both theoretical and applied economics. The department is also committed to enhancing the research efforts of the faculty and students. During the course of their studies, students of all degree programs at the Department of Economics at FJWU are rigorously trained in academic writing, analytical techniques, and carrying out theoretical and empirical research in areas pertaining to various dimensions of the discipline. This training is reflected in the research carried out by both undergraduate and graduate students. Working papers are an intermediary step that can translate their thesis into publishable work. Moreover, the working paper series is expected to provide initial exposure to the research being carried out by both students and faculty members. This will help in stimulating the research culture in the department, eliciting comments and encouraging debate, and getting ideas to improve the research for publication in high-quality journals. This would further strengthen the publications and citation profile of students and supervisors/faculty members. Furthermore, this will enable the department to launch a research journal on the basis of its experience at the working paper level.</p> <p>Keeping in view the potential gains vis-à-vis branding and research outcomes, the department is initiating the Working Paper Series (WPS) in Economics with the short-term goal of promoting and projecting the culture of research and the long-term goal of ensuring wider recognition of the research being carried out by the department.</p> en-US FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/7 <p>From how AI hardware and energy systems intersect, to the global economy's shift toward more resource-intensive servers and low-scale computing, this paper argues that this “compute supercycle” is not just a trend in tech spending, but a reinvention of the global economy. We create a single model, compute-economics, that brings together three blocks: AI capital expenditure, semiconductors supply chain, data-center energy usage and project, region and industry specific AI productivity gains, leveraging primary data from IMF, World Bank, IEA, WSTS, IDC, FRED, Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and World Economic Forum. On the practical front, we show that in 2026 annual AI CAPEX will be 1.4 trillion, with total capacity growth in data centers expected to be 847 GW and the revenue from semiconductors will be 912 billion in 2026.Empirically, for instance, you can see that in 2026 the annual investment in AI will be 1.4 trillion, the power consumption of data centers will be 847 GW, and the AI's semiconductors revenue will be 912 billion. Extreme concentration of fabrication in Taiwan, energy constraints degreeed as more and more data centers drive electricity consumption, and the more import of advanced chips are controlled – three risk factors get studied and we try to gauge their likely effect on both bull, base and bear scenarios for compute demand, semiconductors and energy infrastructure buildup. Methodologically, we introduce the Compute Economics 2026 Dashboard, a multi tab visualization and analytics platform that is real time and becomes the platform for operationalising this framework for investors, policy makers and corporate strategists; bringing different types of heterogeneous macroeconomic, market and technical indicators together in one decision interface.</p> Jyotsna Thakur Shyamsundar Subramani Subramani Arshad Bhat Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1 https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/10 <p>In recent decades, there has been an increase in weather and climatic extremes that cause natural<br />disasters. Such occurrences, along with socioeconomic shifts that heighten their exposure and raise<br />the possibility of maladaptation, are hindering the economic and social growth of developing<br />nations. This study aims to examine the impact of climate change on sustainable development at<br />the district level in Pakistan by estimating the overall results using OLS regression, system GMM,<br />and quantile regression. The period span of the study is from 2004 to 2019. The main objective of<br />the study is to construct the sustainable development index (SDI) and the inequality-adjusted<br />sustainable development index (ISDI). The study's hypothesis that climate change has a negative<br />impact on sustainable development is supported by the findings. The results indicate that<br />precipitation and maximum temperatures and sex ratio have negatively significant impact on<br />sustainable development while wind speed shows inconsistency in the results. However, the<br />minimum temperature is showing positive and significant impact on sustainable development. On<br />the other hand, the dependency ratio and household size vary in estimation as both variables have<br />complex and multifaceted relationship with sustainable development. The ICT has both negative<br />and positive impacts on sustainable development but on average the overall impact of ICT is<br />positive and significant. Ownership of assets also have positive and significant impact on<br />sustainable development. The study suggests that Pakistan should introduce safe modes of energy<br />to reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emissions. Districts should adopt policies that are suitable<br />for them according to their area like districts having more severe temperature should use solar<br />energy. On the other hand, through the use of green infrastructure solutions including rain gardens,<br />permeable pavement, and green roofs, floods can be control for the districts facing heavy rainfalls.</p> Nabeela Kausar Faiza Azhar Khan Saira Tufail Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1 https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/6 <p>This article investigates how effective traditional monetary policies can be amid monetary systems, which are increasingly decelerated by technologies such as robots, bots, and digital finance. A combination of a literature review of the monetary policy channel, an empirical assessment of case studies that have been explored between 2015 and 2025, and the newly developed theory of algorithmic monetary neutrality (AMN) forms the basis of this paper's conclusion that the primary channels through which monetary authorities apply their influence on economic output, inflation level, credit funds, prices of assets, exchange rates, and expectations are substantially weakened by high-speed transactions taking place in the market. AI technologies facilitate the anticipation of policy actions, reduce response time in making policy decisions, increase fluctuations in the market due to correlations that exist, as well as evade conventional banking by means of the usage of fintech solutions, point of sale, and DeFi technologies. The analysis shows how important the expectations channel has become but how ever more preempted and structurally damaged the interest and credit channels have become. With references to historical case studies that cover events from Federal Reserve tightening measures of 2018 to the yield curve control in 2024 by Bank of Japan, the paper proves that the monetary policy is still effective, but with reduced time lag, lower predictability, and higher risk of overshooting and market manipulation. The paper suggests that central banks must enhance their operations through the use of AI technology along with the adoption of new surveillance capabilities to implement digital currencies along with the interest rate instruments.</p> Shyamsundar Subramani Jyotsna Thakur Arshad Bhat Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1 https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/11 <p>NA</p> Bushra Yasmin Iffat Irshad Sadia Sherbaz Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1 https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/9 <p>NA</p> Adeela Rehman Parveen A.Ali Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1 https://wpseco.fjwu.edu.pk/index.php/wpseco/article/view/12 <p>NA</p> Surayya Tanveer Sumera Bibi Copyright (c) 2026 FJWU (Economics) Working Paper Series 2026-09-14 2026-09-14 3 1